Recent advances in electrochemical genosensing

Electrochemical genosensing finds applications across a wide range of fields, including clinical diagnostics, forensic science, food safety, agriculture, biotechnology, cancer research, defense, environmental monitoring, etc. It focuses on the detection of specific DNA or RNA sequences, often called target sequences, rather than target analytes as in conventional (electro)analysis. Since the groundbreaking contributions dating back to the late 1990s and early 2000s, nearly 500 articles have been published elucidating various important aspects of this research field. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge, serving as a comprehensive synthesis of the most recent literature on electrochemical genosensors, published in the last five years. Hopefully, it will also serve as a valuable resource for students, young researchers, scientists, non-academics, or other professionals seeking a consolidated understanding of the key aspects behind this research area, without delving into a collection of individual and scattered studies. • Comprehensive review of electrochemical genosensing advances from last five years. • Overview of key supporting electrodes and nanostructured materials in genosensing. • Comparison of anchoring and immobilization strategies for nucleic acid probes. • Critical analysis of electrochemical detection methods and signal amplification. • Challenges and future directions toward real-world and point-of-care applications.