Almost optimal algorithms for token collision in anonymous networks

In distributed systems, situations often arise where some nodes each holds a collection of tokens , and all nodes collectively need to determine whether all tokens are distinct. For example, if each token represents a logged-in user, the problem corresponds to checking whether there are duplicate logins. Similarly, if each token represents a data object or a timestamp, the problem corresponds to checking whether there are conflicting operations in distributed databases. In distributed computing theory, unique identifier generation is also related to this problem: each node generates one token, which is its identifier, then a verification phase is needed to ensure that all identifiers are unique. In this paper, we formalize and initiate the study of token collision . In this problem, a collection of k tokens, each represented by some length- L bit string, are distributed to n nodes of an anonymous CONGEST network in an arbitrary manner. The nodes need to determine whether there exist tokens with identical values. We present near optimal deterministic algorithms for the token collision problem with O ˜ ( D + k L / log n ) round complexity, where D denotes the network diameter. In addition to high efficiency, our algorithms require only limited prior knowledge. For completeness, we further present a near optimal randomized algorithm for token collision.