Health rationale, production technologies, and industrialization of selenium-enriched eggs: a comprehensive study based on the health value of selenium

Background Selenium is an essential trace element with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles and a recognized contribution to immune homeostasis. In recent years, the development and industrialization of selenium-enriched foods have garnered significant attention, driven by growing nutritional and health awareness. Among these, selenium-enriched eggs are a practical vehicle for dietary selenium because of their wide consumer acceptance and manufacturing feasibility. Scope and approach This review synthesizes evidence spanning nutrition; animal husbandry and metabolism; egg processing and storage; quality and safety management; product diversification; and industrial scale-up. We compare inorganic and organic selenium sources and their bioavailability, elucidate the mechanisms governing selenium transfer from feed to eggs, and assess how processing influences selenium stability in enriched eggs. We further contrast the processing properties, nutritional value, and sensory attributes of enriched versus conventional eggs, and delineate the technical, economic, and sustainability considerations. Finally, we propose a roadmap for standardization and industrial implementation. Key findings and conclusions Optimizing selenium sources, dosages, and processing parameters enables selenium-enriched eggs to serve as a safe, nutrient-dense vehicle for delivering bioavailable dietary selenium. Organic selenium generally affords higher retention and a more favorable safety profile, yet still demands rigorous quality and safety management to prevent over-fortification and related risks. Scalable production hinges on integrated control of feed formulations, husbandry practices, processing conditions, and end-to-end traceability. Priority needs include harmonized analytical methods, long-term efficacy and safety data, and alignment with international standards. The aim is to serve as a comprehensive reference for research and industrial application of related fields.