Exosome/vancomycin enable targeted therapeutics of liver abscess with enhanced anti-inflammation performance

Current clinical management for pyogenic liver abscess primarily relies on broad-spectrum antibiotics, necessitating excessive dosing due to targeting limitations, which would lead to severe drug resistance and systemic toxicity. To address these challenges, we developed a liver-targeted biohybrid nanoparticle (EXO@Van) by encapsulating vancomycin within exosomes derived from colorectal cancer cells using sonication. Compared with free Van, EXO@Van exhibited higher efficacy in eliminating Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), demonstrating minimal cytotoxicity and hemolysis. Leveraging the liver metastatic properties of colorectal cancer cells, this biohybrid nanoparticle achieved enhanced drug accumulation and retention in hepatic cells and liver tissues. Furthermore, EXO@Van effectively rescued mice from MRSA infection with high efficiency and reduced the nephrotoxicity associated with Van. This innovative approach presents a promising strategy for targeted therapy of pyogenic liver abscess, with substantial potential to reduce bacterial resistance.