Hot war, tourism and vlog: A multimodal critical discourse analysis

Drawing on the theoretical lens of liminality, this study employs Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) to examine how the hot war tourism is framed and how these framings intersect with, reproduce, or contest wider socio-cultural and ideological structures. A three-phase experiential structure was identified— crossing into liminality, dwelling in liminality, and retrospective liminality —alongside four interrelated dimensions: spatiality, self, otherness, and reflexivity . The study reveals that vloggers’ personal narratives are shaped not only by their embodied encounters but also by platform algorithms, cultural expectations, and prevailing geopolitical narratives. By unpacking the complex dynamics of hot war tourism, this study advances the knowledge of liminal experience in tourism. It also contributes methodologically by offering a transferable approach for the critical analysis of multimodal discourse in tourism research.