Critical review of analytical methods for antifouling paint particles in marine systems
Abstract
Antifouling paint particles (APPs) are environmental contaminants derived from the degradation of marine coatings. There is a growing concern due to their persistence and toxicity. However, research in this field is still in its infancy. In this review, the sources, sampling strategy, and analytical methods used for the detection and quantification of APPs are critically examined. Although recent studies have characterised APPs in the environment, the methodologies are limited by a lack of standardisation and exclusion of small APPs (
Fields of Study & Subjects
Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
Publication details
- Journal / source
- TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Volume
- 198
- Pages
- 118734–118734
- Publication date
- 9 February 2026
- Language
- EN