Mode choice shifts to electric micromobility for car and public transport users

Electric micro-mobility (EMM) is increasingly recognised as a sustainable travel option, yet mode choice preferences for EMM relative to conventional modes remain insufficiently understood. This study advances current knowledge by jointly examining standalone personal micro-mobility and multimodal public transport (PT)-integrated shared micromobility mode choice behaviour. An online stated-preference survey of 1671 Brisbane residents yielded 9858 choice observations from car and public transport users. The experimental design incorporates contextual conditions (e.g., weather, distance) and trip attributes (e.g., travel time, cost, waiting, congestion, and bikeway quality) to improve behavioural realism. Latent Class Choice Models reveal substantial heterogeneity: although a resistant segment is present, most respondents show willingness to switch to EMM under favourable conditions. Spatial and class-profile analyses further indicate that EMM-leaning segments are more likely to be male, under 49, full-time employed, higher-income, highly educated, and living in more central areas.