Resilience-oriented emergency resource site optimization for an urban multi-modal public transport network

Optimizing the emergency resource site (ERS) in an urban multi-modal public transport network possesses practical significance to improve its resilience under disruptions. Prior studies rarely enhance the resilience of a multi-modal network in consideration of optimizing ERSs. In this study, a resilience-oriented ERS optimization approach for a multi-modal public transport network is developed by considering the influence of emergency resource types and the severity of uncertain disruptions. Comprehensive numerical experiments are conducted on a real-life network in Chengdu. Numerical results indicate that disruptions occurring at rail stations are more severe than those at bus stops. The average resilience metrics of the multi-modal and rail networks decrease by 62.22% and 86.96%, respectively, after optimizing ERSs and their service stations. Moreover, it indicates that the optimal ERS in the multi-modal network is different from that in a single-modal network. Finally, the influence of various parameters on the model performance is discussed.