A generalized Reynolds-type equation for surfaces with stochastic surface roughness under the effect of symmetric electric double layer

Bearings are crucial mechanical components whose performance significantly influences the operational reliability and safety of systems such as Electric Vehicles. In these systems, lubricated interfaces are often exposed to external electromagnetic fields, leading to complex multifield interactions involving mechanical and electric effects that can critically alter lubricant behavior and the overall tribological response. This paper presents a novel formulation of the Reynolds equation that incorporates the effects of rough surfaces and a symmetrical Electric Double Layer. By employing a stochastic analysis, an advanced form of the Average Reynolds Equation is derived to account for the electroviscous effect on rough lubricated surfaces. Numerical simulations conducted over a wide range of bearing design parameters holistically capture the combined effect of surface roughness and the Electric Double Layer.