Road Transport of Live Animals in the EU: Challenges in Worker Safety and Animal Welfare

The road transport of live animals in the European Union presents significant challenges at the intersection of worker safety and animal welfare. This study examines these issues, highlighting the critical role of animal transport in the livestock production supply chain while addressing its associated risks. Between 2017 and 2021, over 1.5 billion live animal transports were recorded within the EU, as monitored by the Comext and TRACES systems. Despite its economic importance, this process exposes animals to stressors such as improper handling, noise, vibrations, and adverse microclimatic conditions, leading to potential injuries. Workers also face occupational hazards, including injuries caused by animal panic, aggression, and difficulties during loading and unloading due to poor vehicle design and driving practices. To mitigate these risks, Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 establishes legal protections for animal welfare during transport, yet challenges persist. In alignment with the EU’s Green Deal, the industry is undergoing a transformative shift toward more sustainable practices, including a reduction in live animal transport in favor of meat transport, which is less environmentally taxing. This paper analyzes these dynamics and emphasizes the need to adapt transport practices to ensure regulatory compliance, enhance worker safety, and protect animal welfare in the context of evolving regulations and environmental challenges.