Friction and Texture Analysis of 3D-Printed Samples

This study investigates the influence of surface texture and contact area size on frictional performance using laboratory samples fabricated through 3D printing and sandpaper-based surfaces. Measurements were conducted under both wet and dry conditions using the British Pendulum Tester. Results confirmed that contact area size significantly impacts friction values, whereas surface pattern arrangements have a less pronounced effect. In tests with sandpaper surfaces, the highest PTV values were observed for intermediate grain sizes (58.5–78 μm), contrary to expectations of a monotonic increase with coarser grains. Asphalt samples analyzed through 3D scanning and texture evaluation showed no clear correlation between average roughness (Sa) or projected contact area and PTV values, suggesting a need for finer evaluation depths. These findings emphasize the importance of combining macrotexture and microtexture assessments in optimizing pavement designs for improved skid resistance.