IoT-based monitoring and management system for effluents reuse from table olive processing facilities in olive groves: Toward circular water management

The table olive processing industry generates large volumes of saline effluents, contributing significantly to the water footprint of olive groves. This highlights the potential to reuse effluents for irrigation within a circular economy framework. This study details a framework for operational integration of industry and agriculture, linking the source of effluents with on-farm irrigation management. It focuses on the design, testing, and evaluation of an autonomous system for the classification,storage, and supervised reuse of olive processing effluents in olive groves. Developed as a proof of concept using open-source microcontrollers and low-cost sensors, the system monitors flow and electrical conductivity (EC), allowing for the selective storage of irrigation-suitable fractions (EC