Index

tin, tungsten, and tantalum), 112, 115 accountability, 1-2, 4-5 Assam tea production and, 59 audit culture and, 152 blockchain and, 159 cobalt mining and, 112 concealment and, 19 control of data and, 158 corporate responsibility initiatives and, 15 development and, 245 digital transparency and, 8-9, 11, 100, 103-104 disclosure and, 55, 60 DIY aid and, 192 EITI and, 191 Europeanness and, 163 Greenlandic resource extraction and, 176, 185-186 organic certification and, 246-247, 257 provenance and, 22 ruby mining industry and, 96 sociotechnical systems and, 13 sustainability and, 50, 52-53, 56, 61 TAIs and,[190][191] 151 trust and,[19][20][21] 22 volunteers and, 199 written forms of knowledge and, 251-253 See also transparency and accountability initiatives (TAIs) actor-network theory, 12 Africa, 83, 88, 92, 224 Africert, 53 Afrique Occidentale Française, 93 Aftab (gem trader), 74, 77 agnotological ideology, 133 agriculture, 2, 9 extractivism and, 14-15, 20 imaginaries of, 172 opacity and, 4 See also rice; tea; vanilla aid projects, 20,[202][203][204][192][193][194][195][196] 191 Madagascar Health and,[196][197][201][202] 190 TAIs and,[191][192][197][198][199][200][201] Aid Transparency Index (ATI), 190, 202 Alcoa, 174-175 algorithms, 8 verification regimes and, 13 Alloa, Emmanuel, 6 Althusser, Louis, 184 aluminum, 173-175, 184 amateurism, 194-195, 203 Amateurs Without Borders (Schnable), 194 ambiguity as technical problem, 56, 60 Amnesty International, 111 Amsterdam, Netherlands, 134 anthropology of the senses, 169 arbitrage, 68 asymmetric exchange and, 77 Archer, Matthew, 159 Arctic region, 175-176, 184 artificial intelligence, 8 artisanal mining (ASM), 83, 87-88, 91-93, 95 cobalt and, 111-112, 116 diamonds and, 104-108 267 use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.