Gastrointestinal metabolite profiling in Bacillus -supplemented broiler chickens using NMR metabolomics

Abstract This study employed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics to investigate the impact of probiotic supplementation on the metabolite profile in broiler chickens. Broilers were fed a diet supplemented with a Bacillus blend (F1) containing three strains (BPR-11, BPR-16 and BPR-17). NMR-based metabolomic analysis revealed significant increases in metabolites associated with energy production, including short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), glucose, choline and other trimethylammonium compounds, taurine, and alanine. Elevated SCFAs indicated enhanced breakdown of indigestible fibers, providing additional energy resources. Increased levels of glucose, choline, taurine, and alanine pointed to activation of gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism pathways. These findings provided new insights into the biochemical effects of Bacillus supplementation in broiler chickens and may inform the development of more effective Bacillus -based formulations and feeding strategies in poultry production.