Comparison between the wake systems of a rim driven thruster and a ducted propeller

The wake systems of a conventional ducted propeller ( $\mathrm{DP}$ ) and a rim driven thruster ( $\mathrm{RDT}$ ) are compared. The latter is an innovative ducted propeller, whose blades are installed on a rim rotating within the nozzle, with their tips oriented inwards and no need of a rotating hub. The flow was reproduced by large eddy simulation (LES) on a cylindrical grid consisting of 6.3 billion points. Substantial deviations between the flow physics downstream of the two propellers are revealed and an order of magnitude drop in the pressure minima and turbulent stresses is found across the rotor and in the wake of $\mathrm{RDT}$ . These changes are mainly attributable to the absence of the hub vortex, the helical vortices from the root of the blades, and the leakage flow generated between their tip and the inner surface of the nozzle. In the rim driven thruster, they are replaced by inner, helical vortices shed from the tip of its blades. In addition, the trailing wake of the blades of $\mathrm{RDT}$ is populated by smaller streamwise vortices and lower turbulence levels. This is due to their modified design, characterised by a more uniform spanwise distribution of the load, allowed by the absence of both the hub and the leakage between the tip of the blades and the nozzle. In conventional ducted propellers, they require a reduction of the load of the blades towards their root and their tip with the purpose of mitigating the intensity of the hub vortex and the leakage flow, respectively.