Dynamic coactivation patterns during repetitive negative thinking: A cross-sectional fMRI study

BACKGROUND: Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and neuroticism are risk factors for internalizing psychopathology. However, their interaction has only been investigated at the self-report level, and studies elucidating their interrelationship at the neural level are lacking. We therefore investigated the interaction of trait RNT and neuroticism with respect to the dynamics of neural networks during negative self-referential processing. METHODS: A sample of 110 healthy subjects reported trait RNT and neuroticism, followed by an RNT induction paradigm during fMRI. Dynamic coactivation pattern (CAP) analysis was used to identify a set of recurring coactivation patterns and to quantify their persistence and count rates. Next, the effects of trait RNT, neuroticism, and their interaction on brain dynamics were tested using regression models. RESULTS: Negative interactions between RNT and neuroticism were found for persistence and counts of the canonical default mode network (DMN) as well as salience network (SAL) CAP. Simple slope analysis revealed that subjects scoring high on neuroticism exhibited a negative association between trait RNT and DMN as well as canonical SAL dynamics. Furthermore, trait RNT was positively associated with persistence and count rates of a hybrid FPN+DMN coactivation state. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that individuals with high neuroticism who spend more time in SAL and DMN CAPs may be less vulnerable to RNT, potentially reflecting more adaptive network configurations. Furthermore, less segregated CAPs, evident by the concurrent activation of functionally antagonistic networks (FPN+DMN), emerge more often in individuals prone to RNT, likely reflecting disrupted network interactions.