Advances in Additive Manufacturing Electrochemistry

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) has rapidly evolved from a prototyping tool into a powerful platform for electrochemical device innovation. Its accessibility, design freedom, and compatibility with diverse polymers have enabled breakthroughs in sensor architectures, energy storage components, and wearable systems. However, works using currently available commercial filament lack the required conductivity or functionality to create impactful devices. Recent advances in conductive composites, surface functionalization strategies, and multimaterial printing have transformed FFF from a low-resolution technique into a versatile manufacturing approach capable of integrating complex geometries with tailored electrochemical properties with the potential to of achieve real impact. While challenges remain in realizing microscale resolution and consistentency in conductivity between filament batches and in printing across different devices, emerging solutions are pushing the boundaries of what is possible. This review highlights the progress that has positioned FFF at the forefront of additive manufacturing for electrochemistry and outlines the innovations that will drive the next generation of scalable, high-performance devices.