Rapid Solar Photoinactivation of Influenza Virus and Phi6 in Colored Surface Water
Abstract
values for IAV and Phi6 did not differ with UV irradiance variations in colored surface water, indicating dominance of indirect, photochemically produced reactive intermediate-mediated inactivation pathways. Additional experiments with Phi6 as a representative enveloped virus suggest the importance of hydroxyl radicals, indicate adsorption of NOM promotes photoinactivation, and sublethal damage of the virus may occur. For IAV, modeled time for 99% inactivation in a well-mixed 1 m deep wetland water column is 1.2 h, compared to 1.8 h in clear water. These findings, particularly those for IAV, can inform human and animal health protection strategies.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Infection Control and Ventilation
Fecal contamination and water quality
Respiratory viral infections research
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 5735–5746
- Publication date
- 11 February 2026
- Language
- EN