Enhancing Global Oilseed Production and Sustainable Agriculture through Nanoenabled Strategies

Global food security and industrial sustainability increasingly depend on resilient and high-yielding oilseed crops; however, climate-induced stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, and flooding, substantially constrain their productivity. Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative and eco-friendly approach to enhance crop resilience, yet integrative syntheses focused specifically on oilseed crops under climate stress remain insufficient. While earlier reviews have addressed general agricultural applications of nanotechnology, comparatively little attention has been devoted to oilseed-specific physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses. This review consolidates recent advances on nanoparticles, including zinc oxide (ZnO), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), silver (Ag), iron (Fe), and polymer-based nanomaterials, in improving nutrient uptake, photosynthetic efficiency, redox regulation, and stress tolerance in major oilseed crops such as soybean, mustard, sunflower, groundnut, canola, and sesame. Emerging nanoenabled applications in CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi delivery, biosensing, and precision input management are also highlighted. Environmental safety, nanotoxicity, and regulatory challenges are critically discussed, emphasizing sustainable synthesis and standardized risk assessment to advance climate-resilient and sustainable oilseed production.