OGTFinder: A Curated Growth Temperature Data Set and Its Application To Predict Optimal Growth Temperatures of Bacteria and Archaea

The optimal growth temperature (OGT) of organisms is valuable in bioprospecting enzymes that work under extreme conditions. Existing OGT prediction models achieve high accuracy but mainly capture trends of overrepresented groups in the training set including organisms that thrive at moderate temperatures and those from well-described taxa. In this study, we incorporated weighted scoring and phylogenetic splits to improve the generalizability of the prediction models. We first built a new growth temperature data set comprising more than 15,000 species distributed over all three domains of life, with special attention to include OGT and extreme temperature data. We then trained machine learning models on the prokaryotic OGT data using proteome-averaged amino acid descriptors. The best-performing model was the multilayer perceptron (MLP) with a test RMSE of 5.49 °C and an R 2 of 0.84. The most important proteome features were related to backbone flexibility and charged residues, as well as surface accessibility. The MLP model is integrated in the command line tool OGTFinder and available under MIT license at: https://github.com/SC-Git1/OGTFinder .