Transparent Nanophotonic Films with Dynamic Thermoregulation for Boosting Crop Yields

Temperature critically governs crop growth. While greenhouses address food security, they rely on energy-intensive temperature control systems. Transitioning to smart, self-regulating greenhouse covers with minimal energy demand is essential for sustainable agriculture. We present a transparent nanophotonic film that maintains crops within a stable and narrow temperature range despite external fluctuations, enabling energy-efficient, all-weather thermoregulation. The film features a TiO 2 /Ag/TiO 2 antireflection nanostructure deposited on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane substrate, delivering: (i) high visible transmittance with enhanced light diffusion for optimal photosynthesis, (ii) on-demand switching between radiative cooling and heat retention to stabilize temperatures with minimal fluctuations, and (iii) exceptional long-term durability and scalability─collectively boosting crop yields. Outdoor tests confirm reduced air/soil temperature swings versus conventional covers, substantially boosting crop yields by ≥106.4%. Global projections indicate up to 38.3% higher food productivity. This work overcomes traditional greenhouse limitations─accelerating growth, maximizing biomass, and enhancing stress resilience─ushering in sustainable, high-yield agriculture.