Hypervalent Iodine Diazo Esters as C1 Synthons in [3+2+1] Cascade Cyclization: Access to Fully Substituted Pyridines
Abstract
Fully substituted pyridines are important cores in natural products, functional materials, and pharmaceuticals. Building such a motif usually requires multiple steps, a transition metal as a catalyst, and external additives. Herein, a [3+2+1] cascade annulation has been developed to synthesize fully substituted pyridines. Hypervalent iodine diazo reagents as highly reactive C1 synthons react with enaminones, leading to a series of fully substituted pyridines in up to 85% yields for 28 examples under catalyst- and additive-free conditions at room temperature. This protocol features easily available substrates and is simple in operation. The versatility of the protocol was showcased by carrying out scale-up synthesis and late-stage transformation of the products.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods
Cyclopropane Reaction Mechanisms
Catalytic Alkyne Reactions
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Organic Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3298–3302
- Publication date
- 25 February 2026
- Language
- EN