Surfactants-Assisted Bi 2 O 3 Synthesis-Based Ag/Bi 2 O 3 and Ag/Bi 2 O 3 /G Nanocomposites for High-Performance Negative Electrode Materials

The development of high-performance materials for supercapacitors with enhanced electrochemical properties is a pressing need for efficient storage and conversion of electrical energy. Herein, a dual-surfactant (PEG-400/P123) precipitation strategy is designed to tailor the morphology and crystallinity of Bi 2 O 3 nanorods for Ag/Bi 2 O 3 /graphene nanocomposites as high-performance negative electrodes. The optimized Bi 2 O 3 nanorods delivered the specific capacitance of 1301 Fg –1 at 1 Ag –1 . Incorporating Ag nanosheets enhanced conductivity in binary composite and adding graphene augmented ion diffusion pathways and accessible redox sites in ternary composite with improved charge storage and durability. Ag/Bi 2 O 3 and Ag/Bi 2 O 3 /G achieved 1658.6 Fg –1 and 2704.1 Fg –1 at 1 Ag –1, respectively, with 98.1% retention over 10,000 cycles. In a two-electrode device, the composite attains an energy density of 110.5 Wh kg –1 at a rate of 749.7 W kg –1 . The strategic integration of Ag (charge transport) and graphene (structural/electrical percolation) synergistically overcame the intrinsic conductivity limits of Bi 2 O 3 . These findings highlight the exceptional potential of the Ag/Bi 2 O 3 /G ternary nanocomposite for high-performance energy storage applications, making it a promising candidate for future electrochemical devices.