Solid-State Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents with MOFs Composites for Practical Protection

Over the past decade, the development of robust metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has paved the way toward solid-state detoxification strategies for chemical warfare agents (CWAs). In particular, Zr-based MOFs have emerged as leading candidates due to their outstanding chemical and hydrolytic stability combined with highly tunable active sites. Recent studies have demonstrated that these MOFs and their composite materials can operate effectively in solid-state environments, enabling CWAs degradation under realistic conditions without the need for added solvents or oxygen. In this review, we first examine how reaction conditions and possible degradation mechanisms evolve under solid-state conditions. We then synthesize associated structure-function relationships and review recent progress across different material systems. Finally, we provide our outlook on future directions and opportunities for both fundamental studies and practical translational research that will enable the next generation of protective materials for military and civilian decontamination applications.