Heterocations Synergistic Doping for Kinetically Enhanced and Structurally Stable LiMn 0.6 Fe 0.4 PO 4

LiMn x Fe 1– x PO 4 (LMFP) is a promising olivine cathode material successor to LiFePO 4, offering a higher operating voltage platform for enhanced energy density. However, its commercial application is hindered by inherent poor kinetics. Herein, a dual-site doping strategy involving Na + and Co 2+ is proposed to synergistically enhance the ionic and electronic conductivity of LMFP. The codoped LMFP-Na-Co cathode delivers a specific capacity of 135.8 mAh/g at 1 C and exhibits outstanding cycling stability with 92.5% capacity retention after 200 cycles. Remarkably, it also maintains 90.2% capacity retention after 300 cycles even at 0 °C. Theoretical calculations reveal that Na + doping expands the one-dimensional lithium-ion diffusion channels, while Co 2+ doping elevates the intrinsic electronic conductivity and suppresses the Jahn–Teller distortion associated with Mn 3+, collectively lowering the Li + diffusion barrier and improving structural stability. This work demonstrates that Na + -Co 2+ dual-site doping is a highly promising strategy for developing high-performance LiMn x Fe 1– x PO 4 cathodes.