Healable, Strong, and Tough Polyphenol-Based Polyurethanes Engineered via Synergistic Reversible Cross-Linked Microphase: Breaking the Performance Trilemma for Artificial Ligaments
Abstract
Achieving a harmonious balance among healability, high mechanical strength, and exceptional toughness remains a persistent and formidable challenge in the development of artificial ligaments. Herein, we report a class of polyphenol-based reversible cross-linked polyurethanes (RCPUs) designed to overcome this long-standing performance trilemma. By synergistically integrating dynamic hydrogen bonds, phenolic urethane bonds, and finely engineered microphase separation structures, the RCPUs achieve an exceptional combination of mechanical robustness, self-healing capability, and antibacterial activity. The optimized RCPU 1.8 demonstrates a tensile strength of ∼57.5 MPa and toughness of ∼323.8 MJ m –3, along with a healing efficiency of ∼88.1% after 12 h at 75 °C. Furthermore, a simple prestretching treatment significantly enhances the tensile strength to ∼167.7 MPa while maintaining excellent fatigue resistance over 100 loading cycles. This work provides a scalable and synergistic strategy for developing next-generation multifunctional artificial ligaments with well-balanced performance.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Polymer composites and self-healing
Advanced Materials and Mechanics
Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods
Publication details
- Journal / source
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 19672–19682
- Publication date
- 27 March 2026
- Language
- EN