From Nanoscale Science to Medical Imaging: Metal Halide Perovskites for Low-Dose Direct X-Ray Detection

Metal halide perovskites have attracted significant attention as emerging semiconductors for low-dose X-ray detection. Their high atomic number elements, strong absorption, and long carrier diffusion lengths make them promising for medical imaging applications. This review highlights how advances in nanoscale science and nanotechnology are reshaping perovskite-based X-ray detectors. We discuss the influence of dimensionality, defect control, and interface engineering on charge generation and transport, together with the role of nanomanufacturing strategies such as confined crystallization and scalable printing. Recent progress in nanoscale characterization provides insight into carrier dynamics and stability, enabling a deeper understanding of low-dose operation. Finally, we outline forward-looking opportunities in flexible and wearable devices, integration with medical systems, and the development of sustainable materials. By framing perovskite X-ray detection within the broader context of nanoscience, we emphasize its potential to deliver efficient, reliable, and transformative platforms for future medical imaging.