A Biomimetic Fisheye for High-Accuracy Underwater Recognition Enabled by Oxide Semiconductor Retina

. The n-p-n band configuration further enables effective control of photogenerated carrier separation and recombination, resulting in highly linear and stable pulse-driven weight modulation as well as pronounced short-term memory and temporal sensitivity. These characteristics allow the retinal sensor to operate as a physical reservoir, supporting neuromorphic and in-sensor computing. Meanwhile, we optimized the 3D curvature of the retina to compensate optical aberrations, enabling wide-field-of-view imaging with extremely low aberrations. Using this fully hardware-based framework with algorithms, the average recognition accuracy for underwater fish targets reached 90.86%, which remains at 80.15% under strong Gaussian noise and above 70% even under salt-and-pepper noise perturbations. This work establishes a compact and efficient hardware paradigm for next-generation underwater visual systems.