Physical and Chemical Characterization, Adsorption Kinetics, Thermodynamic Analysis, and the Mechanism Involved in the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye by a Biosorbent from Pecan Nutshells
Abstract
) indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic, with an enthalpy change characteristic of weak to moderate interactions. Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, with equilibrium reached within approximately 180 min. Intraparticle diffusion analysis revealed a multistep adsorption involving an initial boundary-layer diffusion followed by a slower pore diffusion. Overall, the adsorption mechanism is interpreted as multifactorial, governed by hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and van der Waals forces, consistent with a physisorption-dominated process strengthened by structural heterogeneity. These results demonstrate that PNS combines high capacity with operational simplicity, representing a scalable and sustainable alternative for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Clay minerals and soil interactions
Thallium and Germanium Studies
Publication details
- Journal / source
- ACS Omega
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 6707–6717
- Publication date
- 22 January 2026
- Language
- EN