Compact Differential Photoacoustic Exhaled Gas Sensor for Online ETCO 2 and ETO 2 Monitoring

ACS Sensors 2026

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Authors: Xukun Yin, Chenchen Zhu, Xiu Yang, Lei Liu, Dacheng Zhang, Kaijie Xu, Hongzhi Wang, Shuangping Zhang, Nicoletta Ardito, Pietro Patimisco, Angelo Sampaolo, Vincenzo Spagnolo
+2 more Hongpeng Wu, Huailiang Xu
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c03835
Cited by: 22
References: 54

Abstract

Online exhaled breath analysis holds great promise for noninvasive medical diagnostics, health monitoring, and environmental exposure assessment. However, the complex nature of the breath matrix and strong interference from water vapor and carbon dioxide make high-precision, real-time sensing challenging, often requiring large and costly systems such as mass spectrometers. In this work, we present a compact differential photoacoustic gas sensor for end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) and end-tidal oxygen (ETO 2 ) monitoring. The sensor employs a dual-resonator photoacoustic cell with resonant frequencies of 4110 and 13,115 Hz for selective ETCO 2 and ETO 2 detection, respectively. A small sample gas volume of 2.6 mL enables a rapid response time of

Fields of Study & Subjects

Spectroscopy and Laser Applications Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies

Publication details

Journal / source
ACS Sensors
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Volume
11
Issue
2
Pages
1476–1483
Publication date
27 January 2026
Language
EN