One-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Room-Temperature Gas Sensing: Synthesis, Optimization, and Future Perspectives

Metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors have gained significant attention for their widespread applications in industrial safety, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnostics. Recent advances in nanostructure engineering, particularly the development of one-dimensional (1D) MOX nanostructures including nanorods, nanowires, and nanotubes, have demonstrated remarkable enhancements in both sensitivity and room-temperature operation capabilities. Given the potential of 1D MOX in low-power sensors, this comprehensive review critically examines recent progress in 1D MOX nanostructures for room-temperature gas sensing applications. We systematically analyze various 1D architectures with practical potential, their synthesis methodologies, and structure-property relationships. The discussion extends to performance optimization strategies through compositional modification, surface engineering, and hybrid structure design. Furthermore, we present an in-depth evaluation of current challenges and future research directions in this emerging field, providing insights for the development of next-generation gas sensors.