Holocene Climate Changes: Unraveling Processes, Mechanisms, and Impacts Across Spatiotemporal Scales

Abstract As the most recent interglacial period and the timeframe for the development of human civilization, the Holocene provides a critical perspective for understanding future climate under continued global warming. This special collection focuses on Holocene climate changes and features 14 interdisciplinary studies. It addresses three core themes: reconstructing climate variability and extreme events, elucidating multi‐scale dynamical mechanisms, and understanding climate‐human‐environment interactions. These studies highlight that: (a) regional climate processes often diverge from global trends, (b) multi‐sphere interactions are key to understanding climate variability and extreme events, and (c) there is an asynchronicity in the impacts of natural forces and human activities on the regional environment. These understandings provide an important reference for comprehending how regional environments will respond to the influence of both natural processes and human activities in the future.