Archeointensity Database and Geomagnetic Field Reference Curves for South America Over the Past 5 Millennia

Abstract The study of variations in geomagnetic field intensity over time and space is crucial to understand the evolution of the geodynamo and its interactions with the Earth's surface. In this work, we introduce the SAGEOMAG (South America GEOMAGnetic) database, a comprehensive and updated repository of geomagnetic field intensity records derived from archeological artifacts and volcanic materials over the past 5 millennia and adherent to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles. A key advantage of the SAGEOMAG database is the inclusion of statistical parameters at the specimen level for data quality control, as well as the data categorization according to the hierarchical level of record (site, fragment or specimen). Additionally, we propose new intensity references curves for South America (SARIC), modeled with a bootstrap algorithm that minimizes the influence of outliers and estimates the probability density function without needing explicit prior shape considerations. For records without intensity errors and age uncertainty details in the original studies, standard errors and uncertainties were assigned based on log‐normal distributions. Our findings demonstrate that the modeling of master curves is highly sensitive to the quality filters applied to the data and the hierarchical level of the records. This study aims to improve the organization of geomagnetic data for South America and contribute to regional and global archeomagnetic field modeling, thereby enhancing our understanding of the geomagnetic field evolution and especially the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA).