Assessment and Exploring Three Propagation Prediction Models for FM Broadcasting Over Beijing and Its Surrounding Regions

Abstract Frequency Modulation broadcasting is irreplaceable due to its technological maturity, low cost, and strong anti‐interference capabilities. This study focuses on Beijing and its surrounding regions, evaluating the prediction performance of three propagation models—the Irregular Terrain Model (ITM), ITU‐R P.1546, and ITU‐R P.2001—based on the measured propagation path loss of radio broadcasting signals. The results indicate that ITU‐R P.1546 provides the most accurate predictions, followed by the ITM, with ITU‐R P.2001 performing the least effectively. Notably, ITU‐R P.1546 excels in the complex terrains of the northwestern region, while the ITM and ITU‐R P.2001 demonstrate respective advantages at varying distance ranges in the southeastern plains. Additionally, the study highlights the significant influence of frequency on model selection: as frequency increases, the relative advantage of ITU‐R P.1546 gradually diminishes. These findings offer valuable guidance for these models' localized application and optimization, providing insights into their suitability for different geographical and operational contexts within China.