The African American Historical Loss and Trauma Response Scales: Development and initial psychometric evaluation.

= 449) factor analysis phases of the development of two measures assessing historical losses and trauma responses, respectively. Historical Loss Scale items assess the frequency in which participants find themselves thinking about the history of societal, economic, and cultural devastation of racism. These items include emphasis on disintegrations of familial and community structures as well as losses associated with modern-day injustices. Trauma Response Scale items evaluate grief and trauma responses and feelings of empowerment and reclamation. Additional data were collected to examine evidence of construct and incremental validity. Implications for the use of the scales for research and psychological practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).