Dolomite properties, microenvironment, and water-rock interactions in the Temple of the Inscriptions, Palenque, Mexico

This study presents a comprehensive geochemical, mineralogical, and microstructural characterization of dolomite used as a building material in the sarcophagus and funerary enclosure of the Mayan ruler K’inich Janahb’ Pakal at Palenque, Mexico. The research evaluates its performance within a semi-confined karstic microenvironment over twelve centuries. Advanced lithological analyses, including ICP, XRD, SEM-EDS, high-resolution 3D microscopy, and nano-TC, complemented by Leeb hardness testing and ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements, reveal detailed textures associated with early dolomitization and diagenetic processes, highlighting dissolution-recrystallization phenomena. Microenvironmental monitoring provides valuable insights into the impact of prolonged water infiltration, leading to speleothem formation and the influence of regional temperature increases. The findings enhance understanding of the geochemical and petrophysical properties, elucidating water-rock interactions in archeological monuments and informing the development of preventive conservation strategies tailored to dynamic environmental conditions in tropical regions. Additionally, the results contribute to broader interpretations of Mayan cultural and technological practices.