A fully integrated and automated 24-sample microfluidic system for sample-in-amplicon-out forensic analysis

Rapid, reliable, and high-throughput DNA profiling is critical to modern forensic science. However, current analytical platforms are often limited by low sample throughput, insufficient system integration, and high operational costs. Here we report a fully integrated microfluidic system capable of performing automated, end-to-end forensic DNA analysis of 24 samples in parallel, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of merely 3.14%. The system incorporates sequential modules for cell lysis, magnetic bead-based DNA extraction and purification, multiplex PCR amplification, and product export for STR analysis within a sealed cartridge. Fluidic connectivity among four functional regions is precisely controlled via electromagnetic membrane valves, while automated reagent handling is achieved through solenoid and rotary valve systems. The platform yields high-quality STR amplicons from both buccal swabs and FTA cards, demonstrating complete concordance with conventional laboratory methods. Total 24-sample processing time is under 6 h, with a per-sample cost below $50. This technology offers a potential solution for high-throughput forensic DNA analysis.