Advancing translational research in binge-eating: Integrating insights from clinical practice into animal models

Binge-eating behaviors are key components of several types of eating disorders, yet their etiology remains unclear. Animal models have provided valuable insights by enabling experimentally controlled investigations of biological, behavioral, and environmental factors contributing to eating disorders. This narrative review examines the clinical relevance of animal models in advancing our understanding of binge-eating-related disorders. We propose five translational priorities focused on clinically-meaningful features of binge eating and their relevance for improving animal-model development: (1) loss of control and compulsivity, (2) negative affect and stress responsivity, (3) developmental timing and sex differences, (4) individual differences and variability, and (5) treatment responsiveness. Various animal models, including food restriction, stress-induced, and addiction-based paradigms, have been developed to study binge eating. Limitations include the inability of animal models to fully capture the psychological and sociocultural dimensions of binge eating, such as the sense of loss of control, stigma, distress, and body-image concerns. While existing models capture key biological and behavioral components of binge eating, closer alignment with clinically defining features, for example, through the inclusion of emotional stressors and varied outcome measures, could improve translational impact. By refining current models to match clinical reality, animal research may continue to enhance our understanding of eating disorders and inform the development of novel treatment approaches.