Hierarchically heterogeneous interface structuring strategy for microenvironment-regulating and self-decontaminating biodegradable meta-membranes

Precise functionalization of heterogeneous interfaces in nanofibers is essential for advanced personal protective membranes. Here, we demonstrate a hierarchically heterogeneous interface structuring (HHIS) strategy to fabricate microenvironment-regulating and self-decontaminating meta-membranes (MRSD-PLA) by embedding zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocrystals within poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibers and anchoring F-TiO2 nanoblocks on their surfaces, creating an electronegativity contrast that directs electron migration and charge redistribution. ZIF-8 of porosity and electroactivity could enable charge capture/storage and trans-membrane transport (water vapor transmission rate: 4018 g·m⁻2·d⁻1; air permeability > 60 mm·s⁻1 at 100 Pa). Combined with the hydrophobicity and self-cleaning capability from F-TiO2, a sustained charge migration establishes a closed-loop capture-storage-regeneration cycle. This results in self-powered sensitive monitoring and a high PM0.3 filtration efficiency of 99.3% yet a low pressure drop of 51.9 Pa (quality factor: 0.11 Pa⁻1). Moreover, MRSD-PLA inhibit bacterial growth and balance robust mechanical strength with biodegradability, showcasing great potential for high-performance personal protection. The authors developed biodegradable meta-membranes that regulate the skin microenvironment, self-decontaminate, and maintain high air purification efficiency even under humidity were developed, offering a sustainable solution for personal protective equipment.