Continuous-time noise mitigation in analogue quantum simulation

Abstract Analogue quantum simulators offer a promising route to explore quantum many-body dynamics beyond classical reach in the near term. However, their vulnerability to noise limits the accuracy of simulations. Here, we establish a continuous-time framework for mitigating noise in analogue quantum simulation. Our protocol fully preserves the continuous-time nature by avoiding any active control or measurement of the system during the dynamics, while achieving exact noise cancellation. This requires a small number of ancillary qubits, whose interaction with the system, combined with classical post-processing of joint measurement data, is tailored to cancel the effect of noise. Furthermore, the protocol is Hamiltonian-independent and robust to realistic ancilla noise. This work points to a promising direction for achieving high-fidelity analogue quantum simulation in the presence of noise.