Oral microbiota–driven immune modulation along the oral–gut axis: from local signals to systemic inflammation
Abstract
The oral-gut axis is a key pathway through which oral microbiota modulate systemic immunity. Oral bacteria and their derivatives, including microbial-associated molecular patterns and extracellular vesicles, can translocate to the gut, evade mucosal defenses, interact with local immune cells, and disrupt epithelial integrity. This review highlights mechanisms of gut colonization, immune modulation via pattern recognition receptors, and contributions to distal organ inflammation, providing a framework for understanding microbiota-driven systemic diseases.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Gut microbiota and health
Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
Publication details
- Journal / source
- npj Biofilms and Microbiomes
- Publisher
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 46–46
- Publication date
- 10 January 2026
- Language
- EN