Exploring the role of food-source microRNAs as potential nutritional bioactives in humans

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, are mediators of intercellular and cross-kingdom communication. They are detected in foods, and studies argue for their uptake by intestinal cells. To investigate the cumulative influence of food-derived miRNAs on human health, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of miRNomes of eight commonly consumed foods: four fruits (apple, banana, grape, orange) and four animal products (beef, chicken, pork, milk). We identified 2 and 4 common miRNAs among the 20 most abundant in fruits and animal foods, respectively. Functional predictions revealed that miRNAs are likely involved in regulating cell adhesion, cellular organization, or metabolism. Several miRNAs were shown, in the literature, when overexpressed, to exert beneficial effects on physiological functions and to contribute to disease prevention. This study suggests that food-derived miRNAs may act as novel dietary bioactives contributing to the health-promoting properties of whole foods, and when these foods are consumed in combinations.