Screening and in silico evaluation of candidate late-stage antigens for incorporation into multi-stage and post-exposure vaccines against tuberculosis
Abstract
A quarter of the world's population harbours latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet current vaccines, including BCG, offer limited protection against latency or reactivation. Multi-stage or post-exposure vaccines targeting antigens expressed during these phases may mitigate TB burden. This review screens late-stage Mtb antigens, evaluating their antigenicity, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy, summarizes in silico analyses, and discusses challenges and examples of vaccine design, highlighting candidates for incorporation into next-generation TB vaccines.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Immune responses and vaccinations
Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
Publication details
- Journal / source
- npj Vaccines
- Publisher
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Publication date
- 18 February 2026
- Language
- EN