Advances and future applications of immunocastration techniques: a comprehensive review

npj Vaccines 2026 Open access

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Authors: Mingshuo Ji, Jiaqi Nie, Yue Chen, Jiahan Gang, Chao Dong, He Huang, Li-Ming Liu, Yongfei Zhou
DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01474-0
Cited by: 3
References: 176

Abstract

Immunocastration uses antigen-antibody interactions to suppress reproductive function without surgery. This review examines vaccines targeting GnRH, zona pellucida (ZP), and sperm antigens, focusing on GnRH vaccine platforms, carriers, adjuvants, and delivery systems. Applications in livestock, pets, and wildlife are discussed. Remaining challenges include variable immune responses and long-term efficacy. Future advances in recombinant technology and adjuvants may broaden clinical application.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Gynecological conditions and treatments Reproductive Biology and Fertility Sperm and Testicular Function

Publication details

Journal / source
npj Vaccines
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Volume
11
Issue
1
Publication date
6 May 2026
Language
EN