Rural-urban differences in oral typhoid vaccine responses in Uganda: contribution of Schistosoma mansoni

npj Vaccines 2026 Open access

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Authors: Bridgious Walusimbi, Agnes Natukunda, Rebecca Amongin, Victoria Heyraud, Claire Baine, Jacent Nassuuna, Emily L. Webb, Alison M. Elliott, Gyaviira Nkurunungi
DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01484-y
Cited by: 1
References: 35

Abstract

Vaccine immunogenicity varies across populations, yet drivers remain unclear. We compared systemic (plasma) and mucosal (coprological) antibody responses to the oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a, quantified by ELISA, among Ugandan adolescents from urban and Schistosoma mansoni-endemic rural settings. Urban participants elicited higher responses. Causal mediation analysis indicated that S. mansoni partly accounted for reduced mucosal, but not systemic, responses in rural participants, highlighting implications for oral vaccine effectiveness in endemic settings.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Parasites and Host Interactions Parasite Biology and Host Interactions Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms

Publication details

Journal / source
npj Vaccines
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Volume
11
Issue
1
Publication date
16 May 2026
Language
EN