Chromosome-level genome assemblies of two maize inbred lines with contrasting plant architectures

Maize is a critical staple crop globally. Enhancing maize yield per unit area is essential to meet the rising food demand, and increasing planting density has emerged as a key strategy to achieve this goal. Optimizing plant architecture, a strategy central to the "Green Revolution", is crucial for maize's adaption to high-density planting. This study reports genome assemblies of two maize inbred lines, D132 and Yu82, characterized by significantly different plant architectures. By leveraging advanced sequencing technologies, we assembled the genomes of D132 and Yu82, achieving total lengths of 2,166.50 Mb and 2,193.33 Mb, respectively, and identifying 40,951 and 40,935 protein-coding genes. These genome data provide valuable resources for in-depth understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying maize plant architecture and hold promise for contributing to maize breeding improvement.