Single cell transcriptome profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Guillain–Barré syndrome patients

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by acute peripheral demyelination, leading to progressive muscle weakness and sensory loss. While CD4⁺ T cells and circulating macrophages are implicated in autoimmune neuropathies, the compositional dynamics and activation mechanisms of circulating immune cells remain elusive. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 3 GBS patients and 2 healthy controls. A total of 51358 cells in the PBMC dataset passed the quality control. In addition, immune cell activation and recruitment were validated using mouse model single-cell datasets and rat transcriptome datasets. We delineate a T-cell differentiation-chemokine secretion axis that operates as a pathogenic hub in inflammatory neuropathy. This data resource provides an indispensable foundation for developing immunomodulatory therapies in Guillain-Barré syndrome.