Scalable and energy efficient hybrid cryptographic framework for IoT security using advanced symmetric and asymmetric techniques

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) demands robust yet lightweight cryptographic solutions to secure sensitive data on resource-constrained devices. This paper introduces the Hybrid Elliptic-AES Encryption (HEAE), a novel cryptographic framework that integrates AES-256’s robust symmetric encryption with Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) for efficient key management. Unlike conventional hybrid approaches, HEAE innovates through a modified F-function with parallel processing, reducing execution time by 26% compared to RSA and 14% compared to DES for 5 MB datasets. Its lightweight design, optimized for IoT, achieves a 19% reduction in energy consumption compared to RSA and 6% compared to DES for 20 MB datasets. HEAE incorporates SHA-256 hashing for data integrity and is compatible with real-world IoT frameworks like LoRaWAN, Zigbee, and MQTT. Demonstrating resilience against chosen plaintext (CPA) and known plaintext (KPA) attacks, HEAE offers a scalable, energy-efficient, and secure solution tailored for IoT ecosystems, ensuring data confidentiality and system reliability.