Multi-band circularly polarized patch antenna with CPW feed based on sunflower geometry and Gielis superformula for wireless communication

In modern wireless communication systems, antennas that support multiple wireless standards, enabling applications such as WLAN, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, C-band, RFID and 5G NR are essential. These multi-band antennas help reduce both system space and cost. This paper presents a multi-frequency broadband circularly polarized patch antenna based on Gielis's superformula. The multiband characteristics are achieved through a sunflower-inspired multi-ringed patch structure. The antenna is designed on a 59.691 mm × 60.41 mm Rogers RO4003 substrate and utilizes a CPW feed, which enhances the bandwidth from 0.88 to 1.61 GHz (L-band), 2.46-2.60 GHz (S-band), and 4.87-6.49 GHz (C-band). Circular polarization in the C-band is achieved by introducing slots in the ground plane. The proposed design demonstrates operation at central frequencies of 1.06 GHz, 2.56 GHz, and 5.8 GHz. Simulated and measured results of return loss, radiation patterns, and realized gain show good agreement.