The relevant influencing factors of self injury among patients in psychiatry outpatient clinic of general hospital

To investigate the factors associated with self-injury among patients in Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic. A total of 67 patients presenting with self-injury behavior were recruited from the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, between October 2021 and July 2023. All participants underwent a diagnostic interview, which collected data on basic demographic variables and was assessed using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), participants were categorized into a diagnosed NSSI group (n = 26) and a non-diagnosed NSSI group (n = 41). Logistic regression analysis identified that being a non-only child and the presence of suicidal ideation were significant risk factors for an NSSI diagnosis. Further analysis showed that among only child, self-injury was more frequently associated with "classmate relationship" compared to non-only child. In contrast, self-injury related to "parental relationship", "parent-child relationship", "teacher-student relationship" and "academic pressure" was less common in only child than in non-only child. Additionally, participants with suicidal ideation were more likely to report self-injury influenced by "parent-child relationship" and "teacher-student relationship", but less likely to attribute self-injury to "parental relationship", "peer relationship", or "academic pressure" compared to those without suicidal ideation. Non-only child and individuals with suicidal ideation are the risk influencing factors for the diagnosis of NSSI (non-suicidal self-injury). Regarding influencing factors of self-injury, particular attention should be paid to the "parental relationship", "parent-child relationship" and "teacher-student relationship" in the non-only child group, and to the "parent-child relationship" and "teacher-student relationship" in the group with suicidal ideation.